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Showing posts with label Paola De Kock. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Paola De Kock. Show all posts

Friday, April 16, 2021

Asian-American Parents Sue The Department of Education For Harassment and Racial Bias

 Members and supporters of the Asian-American community  attend a "rally against hate" at Columbus Park
 in New York City on March 21, 2021. Three massage parlors around Atlanta were targeted March 16, 2021,
and a 21-year-old suspect was arrested. Robert Aaron Long faces eight counts of murder and one charge of aggravated
assault.
© ED JONES, AFP via Getty Images

As a parent of two children who were students at Stuyvesant High School 1999-2008, I can say that I did not see any racial inequality among the students nor parents....until Lauren Coleman-Lochner and Sumitake Nakazato became Co-Presidents of the Parent's Association in the fall of 2007, and Paola De Kock, a parent and also an Attorney, attacked the Chinese parents for citing financial mismanagement.



This is Paola De Kock's Linkedin page:
Experience
It is incomprehensible to me that the NYC Department of Education made her Director of the Office of  Family and Community Engagement in 2013, where she still is today, I assume.

Parent Mary Lok was the most outspoken of the Chinese parents at Stuy., and we decided that we just were not going to buckle under the assault of the Executive Board. Mary and the other parents in the Chinese or Asian parent groups came to me as Editor of the Parent Association Newspaper "PA Bulletin" and asked for my help in uncovering information on missing PA money (more than $300,000).

I decided to run for PA President with Mary Lok, to see what would happen. It was war. The white-skin parents (sorry, but I have to describe them that way) attacked me and Mary consistently. I despise hate crimes against anyone, any group, at any time. Nonetheless, I ignored the bullies. However, Mary was very upset. I remember one day in the cafeteria at Stuy right before the PA meeting began, I and Mary were sitting together, and Paola De Kock came over to us and told Mary that she had to leave, she was not welcome. I suggested that Paola stop the nonsense immediately. She didn't, and then told me to leave too, or she would get school security. I took out my press pass and my cell phone, and told her that she should re-think her statement, as I was calling all the local news stations as well as the Daily News and NY POST.

She went away.

I wrote about the attacks Mary Lok and I experienced at Stuy, and the actions of NYC Law Department Attorney Jane Gordon, who agreed to the harassment:

Stuyvesant High School Parents' Association is Cited For Financial Fraud and Discrimination

September 11, 2002, a Year Later, But a Minute Away For Stuyvesant High School Students in New York City

New York City should be proud of the recognition given to Specialized High Schools that admit anyone of any color, race, or creed, who need an extra hard curriculum because of their Gifted and Talented status. Indeed, the kids who I met over the years who were friends with two of my four daughters in Stuyvesant, all were exceptionally smart, but also young people who worked very hard when it came to learning, writing, and research. I am in support of keeping the test, the SHSAT, and keeping the high standard that the Specialized High Schools value in educational accomplishment.

Three of my children were in the DELTA Honors Program inside Booker T. Washington MS 54. Delta was one program in the building, when my kids were there the school had 5 programs. The DELTA students had a very rigorous curriculum and many different teachers specializing in certain areas - math, science, etc. The other programs did not have these teachers and did not receive the same curriculum. Why? In fact, I investigated what was happening, after I became aware that the kids in the programs other than DELTA were told not to take the SHSAT test for the specialized schools. I took parents on the Executive Board with me as we canvassed District 3 on the Upper West Side, and we spoke with parents about whether or not their 8th grade student was taking or had taken the test. 99% of the parents were Black/Hispanic, and all said that the Guidance Counselor told them the SHSAT was not for them. 

This was shocking. 

Instead of erasing these educational opportunities for kids, let's re-design the curriculum at all schools inside the NYC Department of Education so that all classes in every school have the same G&T curricula, with supports for students who need extra help meeting the high bar of achievement. Dont the naysayers to keeping G&T programs promote the slogan that "All children are gifted and talented"?

We need more of these schools, not less or none. We should set the standard higher for everyone, and help every child get there.

 City Has Lost Contact With 2,600 Students Since MarBetsy Combier

Asian-American Parents Sue New York City Schools Alleging Harassment, Racial Bias

Activists say Education Department’s diversity agenda often overlooks Asian students

Wall Street Journal, 

 Depositions will soon begin in a case in which five Asian-American parents of New York City public school students are suing the city’s Education Department, claiming they were harassed while protesting against the proposed changes to the agency’s gifted and talented admissions process.

The lawsuit, which seeks class-action status and names Mayor Bill de Blasio and the New York Police Department, claims that at a DOE town hall meeting in Brooklyn in February 2020 about the controversial gifted program, the agency “treated Asian-Americans differently from non-Asians by prohibiting, restricting and/or limiting Asian-Americans’ access” to the meeting.

The parents and their co-plaintiff, the Chinese American Citizens Alliance of Greater New York, also allege that they were unfairly detained in retaliation for protesting outside the building before the meeting. Depositions are scheduled to begin next week in the case, which was filed in January.

Plaintiff Siu-Lin Linda Lam was “physically grabbed by police officers and school security agents and prevented from going inside the school building,” according to the group’s lawyer, Laura Barbieri.

DOE spokeswoman Katie O’Hanlon declined to comment on the lawsuit, but said no one was denied access to the meeting on any discriminatory basis.

She said the DOE’s goal is “making our public schools safe and inclusive for every student,” saying Asian students “need our support now more than ever, as we continue to deepen our work against racism and injustice.”

Students have to pass a test to be admitted to the city’s gifted and talented programs and selective high schools. Critics of the admissions tests have said that Black and Hispanic children are underrepresented in these programs because white and Asian families have more resources to pay for tutoring and navigating the programs’ complexities.

Since 2018, many of the clashes described in the lawsuit have centered around access to gifted elementary programs and the agency’s failed attempt to persuade state lawmakers to abolish an admissions test for elite public high schools like Stuyvesant.

Plaintiffs in the case say that the DOE’s diversity agenda often overlooks Asian students, as most of the Asian students in the DOE system are low-income and families are contending with the rise in crimes directed toward Asian-Americans.

Lucas Liu, a Chinese-American, sees the attempts to change the admissions process for the gifted classes and selective schools as an intentional effort to reduce the number of Asian students in the programs.

He cited a 2019 report from the city’s Independent Budget Office, which found that under Mr. de Blasio’s 2018 proposal to scrap the entrance exam for New York City’s elite high schools, the number of Asian students admitted would have dropped by half, to about 31% of offers. Offers to white students would have remained relatively flat.

Stuyvesant High School is a specialized school in Manhattan.

PHOTO: JOHN NACION/ZUMA PRESS

“Our goal is to reduce barriers, increase access and transparency, and introduce more diversity which benefits all students,” Ms. O’Hanlon said.

Asian students represent about 16% of the district’s enrollment and 54% of the students in the city’s specialized schools. About 68% of Asian students in the district live in poverty, compared with 83% of Hispanic students, 77% of Black students, and 42% of whites, according to DOE data.

Write to Lee Hawkins at lee.hawkins@wsj.com

Copyright ©2020 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

Appeared in the April 15, 2021, print edition as 'Parents Sue Over Admission To Program.'

Chinese American Citizens Alliance of Greater New York:
CACAGNY Calls Out DeBlasio for Scapegoating Asians in Specialized High Schools

(CACAGNY Activities)
CACAGNY Joins Lawsuit to Stop Discrimination Against Asians in Specialized High Schools (Brief Video)

CACAGNY Denounces Critical Race Theory as Hateful Fraud (For mobile: HTML)

OANN 3/23 Federalist 3/15 Newsweek 3/9 Epoch Times (English) 3/7


MBNC News 3/5 Washington Times 3/5 Asian Dawn 3/3 DailyFriend 3/1


石山角度 2/27 Epoch Times 2/27 Epoch Times 2/26 Fox News @ Night 2/26


Ingraham Angle 2/26 Daily Wire 2/25 Epoch Times (English) 2/25 Fox News 2/25

India Times Post 2/25 KCUE 2/25 RT 2/25 South Asian Express 2/25

ArabNews24 2/24 Bacon's Rebellion 2/24 Twitchy 2/24 Washington Examiner 2/24

CACAGNY and NYCRA Rally for the SHSAT

CACAGNY Joins Lawsuit Against DOE, Carranza, NYC, de Blasio, Others

Wall Street Journal 4/14/21 China Press 10/27/20 Epoch Times 10/30/20


New York Daily News 10/27/20 World Journal 10/28/20 World Journal 10/27/20
Actual Event of 2/4/20 at James Madison High School

CACAGNY Opposes Return to Racial Spoils in California (Statement) (Supporters) (Victory!)

CACAGNY Joins Appeals Court Amicus Brief Against Anti-Asian Discrimination in Harvard Lawsuit

At the Supreme Court (CACAGNY Amicus Brief 3/30 Epoch Times 3/31 Sing Tao 3/31)

CACAGNY Supports NUBC's Lawsuit Against New Jail (Continuing Story)

CACAGNY Congratulates NUBC 9/28/20

CACAGNY Urges Rejection of Referendum 88 and Racial Quotas in Washington State

Victory! (November 2019)

It's back -- and more devious this time! Deceptive Ballot Language (November 2020)

CACAGNY Participates in "Fire Carranza!" Rallies * * * * * Victory! * * * * *

>>>>> More <<<<<

Asian American activists are demanding equal civil rights, better education in schools after Asian hate attacks

Marc Ramirez
USA TODAY, March 26, 2021

Growing up, U.S. Rep. Grace Meng remembers the slurs and name-calling she and her fellow Asian Americans occasionally endured on the playgrounds of New York.

“It was just something we grew up with,” said Meng, who is now in her 40s. “We were taught to mind our own business, not to rock the boat. But what’s changed for my generation – even before the tragedy in Atlanta – is that people like me were starting to see people who look like their fathers and mothers and grandfathers getting beaten up. That really struck a nerve.”

Across the nation, such attacks, part of a rising wave of anti-Asian incidents over the past year, have shocked many Asian Americans. The March 16 slaying of eight people at three Atlanta spas, six of them Asian women, has further sparked both a sense of heightened activism from within the Asian American community and broad-based support from beyond.

The moment seems rich with opportunity. What’s to be done with this solidarity? For Asian American community leaders and activists, the answers range from creating better ballot access and greater political representation, expanding Asian American history instruction in schools and emboldening activist participation from untapped groups such as youth and the greater religious community. 

“It’s really important and meaningful that we have had such widespread support from all over the country,” Meng said. “As an Asian American born and raised here, I have never felt that in my entire life. We need to make the most of this moment.”

Anti-Asian sentiment has grown significantly since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, with many in the community citing the disparaging rhetoric of the Trump administration as a factor. San Francisco-based Stop AAPI Hate, which tracks discrimination and xenophobia against Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, tallied nearly 3,800 such incidents from March 2020 through February 2021.

More recently, results of an annual survey conducted by the Anti-Defamation League showed that Asian Americans had suffered the largest spike in severe incidents of hate and harassment online.

Throughout the United States and in Canada this weekend, #StopAsianHate marches were scheduled as a response to such sentiments in places like Princeton, New Jersey; Buffalo, New York; Portland, Maine; and Calgary, Alberta.

The activism extends beyond the streets. Illinois Sen. Tammy Duckworth threatened Tuesday to vote against white nominees to President Joe Biden’s administration until more Asian Americans were appointed to high-ranking roles, then withdrew that threat after she received assurances the White House would do better. While Vice President Kamala Harris is of Indian descent, there are no Cabinet secretaries of Asian American or Pacific Islander descent in Biden's administration despite the president's pledge to reflect the nation's diversity.

This weekend, U.S. Rep. Hank Johnson of Georgia, a member of the Congressional Black Caucus, was set to host a virtual conversation for the public on anti-Asian discrimination and violence with Meng and U.S. Rep. Judy Chu of California. The event will be broadcast on Zoom and on Johnson's Facebook page.

“One of the interesting things I’ve been hearing is that this is the first time that Asian Americans have being asked to share their stories in their workplaces,” said Aarti Kohli, executive director of Asian Americans Advancing Justice-Asian Law Caucus, a national legal advocacy group. “And people are often surprised to hear the racism that their colleagues have faced. So I'm seeing a much broader recognition of the racism that has been aimed at our community.”

Frank Wu, president of Queens College, City University of New York, compares the moment to the mood following the 1982 killing in Detroit of Vincent Chin, a Chinese American mistaken for Japanese by two struggling auto workers who beat him to death with a baseball bat. The two were eventually fined $3,000 and sentenced to probation.

The resulting outrage and subsequent sense of solidarity, Wu said, crossed lines of ethnicity, generation, language and class and prompted renewed Asian American civil-rights activism. But like all movements, it eventually lost momentum.

So while many Black, Latino and Jewish leaders and colleagues have reached out to him in unprecedented partnership since the Atlanta killings, it’s crucial, Wu said, to capitalize on that unity while it lasts.

“Out of this tragedy,” he said, “there is something I always hoped for but hadn’t seen until now: Real bridge-building intentions. We just need to follow through.”

Stopping Asian hate with data and education

Making the most of the current energy was the thinking behind a “National Day of Action and Healing,” a virtual conversation conducted by Chu Friday with fellow legislators, activists and victims of anti-Asian attacks.

“We wanted to give people a tool to share with their co-workers, their bosses, their neighbors,” Meng said. “We’re hopeful it can be a spark for creating long-term partnerships. That’s the immediate next step – to have this continue.”

Among the long-term solutions Meng said she’d like to see is for Americans to better understand each others’ histories and contributions – with public education being one way to do that.

“Think about what we learned in school about the contributions of Asian Americans to American history,” she said. “Just a paragraph. I think we can make the most of this moment to expand the curriculum we’re teaching our kids.”

Stop AAPI Hate has likewise advocated for ethnic studies curricula as a means to curtail bullying, as well as community-based violence protection programs to protect the elderly and the expansion of civil rights protections to end harassment in business.

“I look forward to seeing this movement continue to grow,” said Russell Jeung, the group’s co-founder and professor of Asian American Studies at San Francisco State University.

Chu is also among those pushing two hate-related bills for Congressional approval, the No Hate Act and the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act, both meant to improve tracking of hate crimes.

“These are things that should have been improved a long time ago,” Chu said, noting that the FBI relies on individual states to submit their hate-crime data, “which means that many don’t report anything. Eighteen states don’t have a mandate, and three states don’t even have a hate crime statute. We need to have change there on a national basis.”

Asians need more support services, activists say

In Atlanta, where the slayings took place, the disconnect between the Asian American community and police became strikingly clear in the aftermath, said executive director Stephanie Cho of Asian Americans Advancing Justice-Atlanta. Law enforcement said the shootings were not race-driven. 

“People keep wondering, ‘How come people don’t trust the police?’ or ‘Why aren’t these incidents being reported?’ And it’s because we aren’t taken seriously,” said Cho, who has been busy juggling funerals and meeting with victims’ families. She also met with President Joe Biden, who she said pledged commitment to the community beyond the crisis during his visit to Atlanta last week.

Asian Americans Advancing Justice-Atlanta called on state and local leaders last week to boost crisis-intervention resources and multilingual support across mental health, legal and employment services, in addition to dealing with the root causes of race-based violence and hate.

Cho hopes the momentum can ultimately be used to persuade state leaders to mandate multilingual election ballots statewide; even as of November’s election, which saw Asian voter participation nearly double over 2016, the group was able to lobby just one county to print ballots in Korean, she said.

Raising levels of political involvement and representation is among the goals for national Asian American leaders, too.

“In light of all the things that have happened, the level of frustration is almost at a boiling point with regard to representation,” said Madalene Xuan-Trang Mielke, executive director of the Asian Pacific American Institute for Congressional Studies, which offers training for those thinking about running for municipal or state office. “Without representation in public office, we aren’t at the table.”

The lack of representation in Biden’s administration has been even more galling, Mielke said, given Georgia’s Asian American turnout in November, an increase that eclipsed Biden’s margin of victory.

Kohli, of Asian Americans Advancing Justice, said that while having Asian Americans in political leadership roles is important, those leaders will ultimately be judged on their actions.

“The actual work that our leaders do is what will ultimately create trust in our community,” said Kohli, who counts among her priorities going forward ensuring that the needs of low-income Asian Americans are met. “Many Asian Americans are energized, and we need to leverage that energy into social change.”

Such transformation is already underway, said Russell Leong, former editor of Amerasia Journal.

Younger generations of Asian Americans not affected or unaware of the Chin case are taking to the streets – and in Oakland, San Francisco and New York, they’re helping to provide alternatives to heavier law enforcement by accompanying elderly community pedestrians as a safety measure.

Until recent events, Leong said, “a lot of young people saw organizing as posting something on Instagram or Facebook. That was the extent of political organizing. But with the attacks on women and the elderly – that’s a tangible event, and you have to walk the walk. That’s made a difference.”

Urging churches to stand up against white supremacy 

Meanwhile, calls are growing for religious leaders to take a stand against the violence. This week, the Asian American Christian Collaborative issued a strongly worded statement condemning what it described as an “evasion of responsibility” on the part of U.S. churches and denominations that it accused of perpetuating social conditions that have led to “unequal, unjust and ungodly treatment and murders of racial minorities.”

The group’s statement, signed by hundreds of faith leaders, calls on church leaders to, among other things, increase representation of Asian Americans in church leadership and to commit to educational efforts to eliminate nationalism, misogyny and xenophobia in their congregations. 

On Sunday, the coalition is organizing simultaneous prayer rallies nationwide in a show of solidarity against hate, including in Los Angeles, Houston, Chicago, New York, Baltimore and Atlanta.

“We felt like we needed to do something,” said Michelle Ami Reyes, the group’s vice president. “The response of the church as a whole to anti-Asian racism has been anemic.”

While Black church leaders are climbing on board, she said that larger evangelical denominations, including  the Southern Baptist Convention, or fundamentalists like Los Angeles pastor John MacArthur,  have been reluctant to embrace the fight against injustice or to suggest that the issue extends beyond their Asian American congregants.

"They say that if you as a Christian care about confronting systemic injustice and oppression that you’re just buying into neo-Marxist ideology, and you’re a danger to the church," Reyes said.

But it's not just largely white churches that have shied away from taking a stand, said coalition president Raymond Chang. Many Asian churches, he said, have also refrained from activism, a gesture he called at odds with their origins, which saw them as centers of community and advocacy for emerging immigrant populations.

“Our focus is to get Asian American Christians engaged in activism and to see that it is not contrary to the gospel or Christian faith by any means," Chang said. "That’s something we’ve lost and need to recover – to be engaged with the realities of our society.”

Next month, he said, the coalition will hold a summit in Chicago with local Asian American and Black church leaders to discuss the common issues they face and how to combine forces.

“The Christian message is one that brings people who are divided together,” Chang said. “That’s the whole message of reconciliation. But in the U.S., because our churches were established on top of a segregated society shaped by white supremacy, they've never found ways to meaningfully interact with each other.”

In calling for systemic change and organizing around public hate crimes and deaths, Asian American leaders said they’re taking cues from the Movement for Black Lives coalition, as well as from Muslim and Asian activists who dealt with Islamophobia after 9/11 and previous generations of community leaders who sought justice for Chin after his killing.

Understanding how other communities have achieved political power is always important, said Mielke, of the Asian Pacific American Institute for Congressional Studies.

“We don’t do this alone," she said. "When we talk about what is needed, it’s community-based, and whatever work we’re doing to prevent this from happening to the Asian American community, we’re also doing to prevent it from happening to any community.”

Georgia state senator Michelle Au, who introduced bills prompted by the Atlanta killings to mandate gun safety and language-specific social services, said there's an urgent need for action.

"This is the best time to take this energy and attention and turn it into something good," she said.

Wednesday, November 8, 2017

The NYC DOE Gives Money Bonuses To Schools Which Need It The Least

The swimming pool at Stuyvesant High School in lower Manhattan:


and the well-funded library of PS 6 on the Upper East Side:



When I asked the School Leadership Team, Parents Association, and Principal Stanley Teitel where the money was being allocated at Stuyvesant High School, the AP for Special Education Jay Biegelson, the AP for Guidance Gene Blaufarb (now at CUNY), and AP Eleanor Archie put Jay Biegelson's name on the parent line of my oldest daughter's Individualized Education Plan which decertified her, all without telling me anything.

These administrators told the NYC DOE Committee on Special Education that I would not respond to their requests to meet with them, even though I was the Editor of the PA Bulletin and on the Executive Board of the school.

The Stuyvesant PA turned on me and attacked me (Paola De Kock led the attacks on the Chinese parents at Stuy and now is, ironically, the Senior Director of NYC DOE Parent Engagement) and the chinese coalition I  was helping, who uncovered the missing money.

Stuy parent Paola De Kock who became the ally of Leonie Haimson
When I cited the missing $13,000 missing from the PTA at Booker T. Washington MS 54, I was attacked by the white parents who saw their precious entitlement being threatened.

When I asked where the money was that Carmen Farina was, as Principal, in control of at PS 6 as the grant from the Annenberg Challenge For The Arts, Carmen called me up on May 23, 2000 and screamed that I was a bitch, a witch, a thief, a liar and much worse. I listened to her screaming for 20 minutes then hung up on her, and a few weeks later reported her for violation of SLT rules  (the NYC DOE reprimanded her, then removed her as principal in February, 2001) by having only 4 hand-picked people on the School Leadership Team.

So if anyone finds out about theft in their school I suggest going immediately to the police. Dont stop at the principal's office on the way there, but on the way back after you file a complaint.

FYI: my 4 daughters attended Stuyvesant High School (2), the "FAME" HS La Guardia, and the G&T school NEST+M

Betsy Combier
betsy@advocatz.com
Editor, Advocatz
Editor, NYC Rubber Room Reporter
Editor, Parentadvocates.org
Editor, New York Court Corruption
Editor, National Public Voice
Editor, NYC Public Voice
Editor, Inside 3020-a Teacher Trials

Mysterious Bonus Makes Rich NYC Schools Richer, Critics Say
· by Mike Elsen-Rooney

When New York City officials revamped the way public schools were funded more than a decade ago, they emphasized one goal above the others: Making school spending more equitable in the nation’s largest system.
They also included a provision that critics say is doing just the opposite: an annual bonus of almost $1,000 per student at 13 of the city’s elite high schools, where students are wealthier than the city average and alumni foundations can raise millions of dollars for extras.
That means that students at these schools — where only 15 percent of students are black or Hispanic, compared to almost 70 percent citywide — are getting almost $18 million more this year than they would have without the bonus, according to Department of Education data. Since 2012, when the department began publishing complete information on how schools are funded, the group of 13 schools has received more than $100 million from the bonus.
That group includes the city’s eight exam-based specialized high schools, including Stuyvesant High School, the Bronx High School of Science and Brooklyn Technical High School, where admission is based on a single, three-hour multiple-choice test known as the SHSAT.
It also includes two highly competitive early college high schools, Bard Manhattan and Bard Queens, and two newer schools, Millennium Brooklyn and the NYC iSchool, both of which screen students based on middle school grades and test scores. Townsend Harris in Queens, which has its own competitive screening process, also gets the targeted bonus.
Critics worry that the bonus exacerbates inequality by giving the city’s most exclusive high schools a financial boost unavailable to most schools in the city.
“Students that have made their way into the specialized high schools have largely done so as a result of advantages their families have been able to give to them already,” said Lazar Treschan, director of youth policy at the Community Service Society of New York, a nonprofit advocacy group that joined a legal complaint filed by the NAACP in 2012 challenging the SHSAT as discriminatory (the complaint is still pending with the U.S.Department of Education).
“They don’t need even more additional resources from the DOE at this point,” he said.
But many educators and parents defended the additional money for the schools, saying they are vastly underfunded and have trouble meeting higher academic demands.
“Too often in this country, we’re sticking to the middle and mediocrity,” said Elissa Stein, a former PTA co-president at Brooklyn Tech. “But I also believe there are kids who are high achievers who deserve the opportunity to achieve. And sometimes they need extra funds to go above and beyond.”
The Department of Education defends allocating the funds to the 13 schools, saying that they incur more costs by exceeding the academic requirements of traditional high schools. But department spokesman Will Mantell could not explain specific criteria for which schools receive the bonus.
The bonus, like the bulk of funds for school budgets, is distributed through a formula that former Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Schools Chancellor Joel Klein rolled out in 2007, called “Fair Student Funding.” The funding guide stipulates only that the money go to “academically challenging high schools.” But Mantell could not say why, for example, Millennium Brooklyn receives the bonus, but its sister school, Millennium Manhattan, which has a similar curriculum and admissions criteria, does not, or why the iSchool was added to the list. 
Before the formula was instituted, the department’s central office gave most schools a fixed number of teachers per student, rather than dollars. But schools with more veteran teachers, who earn more, ended up getting more money to cover those larger salaries.
The net effect, according to Klein, was that schools with similar populations of students ended up with vastly different amounts of city money. The new formula gave all schools a fixed number of dollars per student, allowing principals the freedom to spend the money as they chose.
Currently, city schools are supposed to get about $4,000 of city money for every student on their register. They get additional dollars based on the number of students who need extra academic support. Students who are learning English, for example, bring an extra 12 to 55 cents on the dollar. Special education students and students who are struggling academically bring extra money as well.
Separately, schools get state and federal funds, and money for special city initiatives, such as the drive to offer Advanced Placement classes in all high schools.
But critics of the formula say it has never achieved the equity it promised. And they point to the bonus for specialized academic schools as one reason why.
“The idea behind Fair Student Funding was that the driver for school budgets was student characteristics, rather than the type of school,” said David Bloomfield, a professor of Education Leadership at Brooklyn College. “By creating, or re-creating, a system based on favored school labels, the DOE is somehow saying that all schools are equal but some are more equal than others.”
The specialized schools are part of a larger group of schools that get extra money from the formula because they offer alternative models of education that cost more to operate, according to the Fair Student Funding guide. These include performing arts high schools that require auditions for admission, career and technical schools and transfer schools for students who have dropped out of traditional public schools.
Critics say that extra funding for certain schools, and especially already-thriving ones, undermines the logic of Fair Student Funding.
“What needs to be ‘specialized’ about academics?” said Jill Bloomberg, principal of Park Slope Collegiate High School in Brooklyn, which shares a building with Millennium, but does not get the bonus. “What does an English class at Millennium need that one at Park Slope Collegiate doesn’t?”
Even with the bonus, the specialized high schools often get far less money per pupil than most schools. That’s because they serve few students learning English, special education students or low achievers. And like almost all city schools, they don’t receive 100 percent of the funding the formula calls for. That is a legacy of years of state budget shortfalls that routinely leave the city with less from the state than promised.
For example, Brooklyn Tech gets about 88 percent of the amount it is supposed to based on the Fair Student Funding formula (or $5,328 per pupil this year). Adam Stevens, a history teacher there, has seen both sides, having taught in schools that receive the academic bonus as well as those that do not. When Stevens compares Brooklyn Tech with Paul Robeson High School, the almost entirely black and Hispanic high school in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, where he taught before it was closed in 2014 for poor performance, he comes to this conclusion: “The kids at the regular, segregated schools need [the additional money] more.” 
At Brooklyn Tech, there’s both a genetics lab and a robotics program that are rewarding for students and teachers; Robeson High had neither. “The entire city should have these courses,” Stevens said.
Principals whose schools don’t get the bonus money say they have less ability to provide the kind of intellectual enrichment offered at the specialized academic schools – and that makes it harder to attract students at the annual open houses and high school fairs.
Each fall, some 80,000 New York City eighth-graders select from a dizzying array of more than 400 high schools, and rank their top choices. Choices can include schools required to accept anyone in their geographic zone and those that screen applicants based on grades, attendance and standardized test scores.
In such a competitive high school choice system, less established and less selective schools face constant pressure to attract more students, and say that even a little bit of extra money could help.
Harvest Collegiate, a small high school near Union Square that doesn’t screen applicants, gets $7,644 per student from the formula. Kate Burch, the principal and founder of Harvest Collegiate, points out that almost a third of the school’s students are in special education, and another third have serious academic needs. The money, she said, pays for bilingual teachers for English-language learners, case managers for special education students and extra tutoring for struggling students. 
That leaves little for after-school clubs, additional teacher training, advanced electives or the full-time guidance counselor Burch would love to hire. “To do all those things just takes extra money, period,” she said.
The differential funding has perhaps the biggest effect on schools that aren’t considered elite enough to qualify for the bonus, but don’t have the deficits that bring in extra money.
They are places like Forest Hills High School in Queens which does not get federal Title I funding, provided to schools with concentrated amounts of poverty. The Title I cutoff is around 60 percent; at Forest Hills, 53 percent are eligible, according to the principal, Ben Sherman. 
“We are in deep financial pain right now,” said Sherman. The school received $5,446 per student through the formula this year.
Townsend Harris High School, gets the specialized academic bonus – and gets almost $600 more per student from the formula than Forest Hills does, even though it had only four students below grade level and two students learning English this school year, according to the department’s data.
Critics say the specialized academic schools have a financial advantage even without the city bonus: well-resourced and well-connected parents and alumni. In addition, Brooklyn Tech, Bronx Science and Stuyvesant maintain endowments of $13 million, $6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, to help fund extracurricular activities.

This story was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education.