Join the GOOGLE +Rubber Room Community

Wednesday, May 9, 2012

The Same Difference:Los Angeles' Skelly Hearings and NYC 3020-a Arbitration

Lenny Isenberg


An Attorney's Observations of LAUSD's Rubber Rooms by Ron Lapekas, esq. (Observaciones de un abogado de habitaciones de goma LAUSD por Ron Lapekas, esq.)

I am an attorney who was a whistleblower in the 70's.  I learned the hard way that it is extremely difficult to find a lawyer who is both competent and willing to represent someone crazy enough to report wrongdoing. So, I filed my first case - my own - while I was in law school.  After winning the writ proceeding, I won my first appeal during my first year of practice. All in all, it took me 12 years to clear my name.  As a result, a substantial part of my practice for the past several decades has been employment law.  

A few weeks ago I came into contact with Lenny Isenberg, a teacher who also was a whistleblower. He had been given a notice of dismissal and was preparing to defend himself because the attorney who originally represented him had demanded more than $25,000 to try the case -- in addition to $15,000 that UTLA also promised him. (I asked UTLA to pay me $15,000 to represent Mr. Isenberg all the way to the Supreme Court of California. As of this writing, I have not even had the courtesy of a reply from UTLA.)

I reviewed the "evidence" and concluded that the charges were insubstantial, at best, and completely fabricated, at worst.  I informed the Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH) and opposing counsel that I was coming to Los Angeles to try the case that was supposed to start September 12th.  However, because I amended the Notice of Defense to allege the affirmative defenses of whistleblowing and the constitutional right to speak to the press, the hearing has been continued to some unknown date in the future. 

With some free time on my hands, I started talking to other teachers who had been given dismissal notices.  I noticed that there were common patterns in all their cases.  All had taught for many years without any kind of disciplinary action taken against them.  All were older.  And all had taken a position of some kind that attracted the attention, if not the wrath, of an LAUSD administrator.  Another very weird allegation in many of the dismissals was that the teachers were accused of violating Education Code section 44939.  Apparently, LAUSD routinely alleges violations of section 44939 because it allows the District to avoid the grievance procedure that is available for all other alleged misconduct. I could understand a single case with these allegations but why were so many people calling with almost identical allegations?  Did somebody put something in the water three years ago that turned previously excellent to outstanding teachers into incompetent, insubordinate, misfits?

In case after case, there was an uncomfortable commonality of allegations. Most of the teachers I have talked with had never been accused of any kind of misconduct before. Most had exemplary records. But they also included a number of competent union chapter chairs - you know, the kind who stood up for their members. 
 
More than half of the people I have talked to told me that administrators sought out students and prevailed on them to provide negative comments about their teachers. Allegations of "unprofessional conduct", insubordination, persistent violations of rules and school laws, and "willful refusal" are generously sprinkled throughout the accusations.  Many of the allegations regarding classroom management are the kind that most teachers consider to be trivial and easily remedied; now these incidents are deemed "evident unfitness for service."  I also noted that the allegations were virtually identical regardless of grade level or school site.
 
Mr. Isenberg has commented on his website, perdaily.com, about the abuses being heaped on the teachers unfortunate enough to be served with an accusation that includes violation of section 44939. These teachers are removed from their classrooms, often in front of their students in an unceremonious and sadistic manner. Because they are still on salary, LAUSD has established a number of "campuses" where these teachers are required to report.  After reporting, the teachers are given no work to do and are forced to bide their time under the watchful eyes of a number of administrators who, apparently, have nothing to do but watch the teachers. 

When I read Mr. Isenberg's blog about the rubber rooms, I thought the District's process was, at worst, simply stupid.  This morning, I had an opportunity to visit one of these teachers at his temporary assignment. 

Teachers call these temporary assignments "rubber rooms", apparently due to the similarity to holding facilities at mental hospitals that have walls made of rubber to prevent patient self-injury. What I observed was appalling - and what I heard was even worse.  Teachers are required to sit in separated cubicles that are more reminiscent of jail visiting facilities than of a school site.  I also confirmed that the District has given them absolutely nothing to do - not even "busy work".  Having been required to work at an empty desk during my own whistleblowing experience, I know that being required to do nothing while being watched constantly is an extremely stressful and totally punitive procedure.

Some teachers have been assigned to a rubber room for more than two years.  Ignoring the waste of resources this represents, the punitive nature of the rubber room means that people are being punished before they have been proved guilty. Unlike a criminal, they can't post bond so they can escape the prison-like confines of the rubber room while the District takes its own sweet time to prepare the charges.  But wait ... taking time?  What is happening to the witnesses and evidence during the months and years that these teachers are waiting for the other shoe to drop?  Until LAUSD actually issues formal charges, the teachers (a) have no knowledge of exactly what allegations are being made against them - except for section 44939 - and (b) have no legal way to preserve evidence they may need for their defense. And this does not even begin to address the intentional infliction of severe mental distress that appears to be the true purpose of the rubber rooms.  Assignment to a rubber room without being informed of the reason for the punishment is, in my opinion, a totally unconstitutional denial of due process.  (I also believe that if a criminal were sentenced to a rubber room as a criminal sentence punishment the rubber room would violate the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.)

While there is a very high probability that at least one of the teachers in the rubber rooms should be dismissed, I believe there is an even greater probability that the majority of the rubber room teachers would be vindicated:
IF they survive the rubber room with their sanity
IF witnesses retain their memory
IF evidence does not disappear or  become tainted
IF they have the financial resources to prepare a reasonable defense
IF their union gives them the support they have paid for and are entitled to
IF they get a full and fair hearing on the merits.

I thought I was going to come to California, try Mr. Isenberg's case, and return to my retirement in Tennessee.  But it appears that Mr. Isenberg's case is just a snowflake on the tip of the iceberg that is LAUSD's abusive treatment of its teachers. Therefore, I am discussing the re-opening of my law practice and returning to LA with my long suffering wife.  Until then, I will continue to collect evidence and see what I can do to help the teachers who have been wrongfully accused and punitively abused.

NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORMERS
LA Progressive
Dick Price and Sharon Kyle
http://www.laprogressive.com/
Dick and Sharon dick_and_sharon@yahoo.com
Dick and Sharon are a pair of citizen journalists and information activists who were fed up with
mainstream media. Rather than just kvetch about the media, they decided to try to become the media. So, together they founded the LA Progressive. Dick is the editor and Sharon is the publisher and webmaster, handling all technical aspects of the site.
This site was launched in March 2008, with Dick and Sharon doing most of the writing. Today, a host of gifted writers contribute to the LA Progressive's daily offering which typically amounts to about 45 articles a week. Dick and Sharon continue to write for as well as edit and publish the LA Progressive and distribute its daily e-news each morning.

J
o Scott Coe Riverside, California
Jo.Scott-Coe@rcc.eduwww.joscottcoe.com
Excellent Video Interview about Professor Coe
http://vodpod.com/watch/4959969-jo-scott-coe-teacher-at-point-blank

Assistant Professor of English at Riverside Community College and former high school English teacher. She is the author of Teacher at Point Blank and has been a teacher of English and literature in California since 1991. Her writing on intersections of gender, violence, and education has appeared in the Los Angeles Times as well as literary venues including Hotel Amerika, Fourth Genre, River Teeth, Ninth Letter, Memoir(and), Bitter Oleander, and Green Mountains Review. Her essay, "Recovering Teacher," won the NCTE 2009 Donald Murray Prize, and other selections of her work have received a Pushcart Special Mention as well as Notable listings in Best American Essays 2009 and 2010. As an independent researcher, Jo authored and published the most extensive study to-date of Adams v. LAUSD, a nearly 10-year legal case of student-on-teacher sexual harassment, in (Re)Interpretations: The Shapes of Justice in Women's Experience (Cambridge Scholars Press). Jo values the aesthetic, political, and socially transformative powers of literary narrative--especially to dispel unhealthy silences and witness cultural blindspots. She works currently as an assistant professor of English at Riverside Community College in SoCal, and her book, Teacher at Point Blank (Aunt Lute 2010), has been selected as a Great Read for Fall 2010 by Ms. Magazine. Punk rock? Yes. Hockey games? Yes. Coffee? Always black. Find Jo on the web at joscottcoe.com and on Twitter @joscottcoe.

Betsy Combier New York, New York
betsy.combier@gmail.com
Betsy Combier's blog http://www.parentadvocates.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=article&articleID=488is a jewel that chronicles the corruption in NYC's Dept of Educations (DOE)  . She has accomplished a wonderful piece of journalism, and created one of the rare places where corrupt educational governance is chronicled and revealed

Professor Samuel Culbert Los Angeles, California

is a professor at the UCLA Andersen School of Business who also teaches in the Education Department's Principals' Leadership Institute. Check out the following 3 minutes on ABC News
http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/conversation-performance-review-11126992

Stuart Goldurs Los Angeles, Califonia
StuartComputers@gmail.com
Don't send LAUSD Librarians to the Inquisition, send the downtown bureaucrats
Tests, What Are They Good For? Absolutely Nothing!

LAUSD students to attend school on contaminated land, again!Some schools teach only to the tests, so how are the students being prepared for the next grade and for life?
New LAUSD superintendent adds six-figure positions to management team
http://www.examiner.com/public-education-in-los-angeles/lausd-test-scores-up-to-failure-levels-what-are-the-students-learning

Has been a teacher in the Los Angeles Unified School District for 30 years. He is greatly aware of the district waste, large bureaucracy, and other major issues of the time. He started his blog with the sole purpose of informing the world about the truths of education in LAUSD. E-mail him at: StuartComputers@gmail.com.
LAUSD has selected a new Superintendent of Schools

Karen Horwitz Chicago, Illinois

wccbook@gmail.com
Former award winning teacher who co-founded NAPTA, National Association for the Prevention of Teacher Abuse, and wrote the book White Chalk Crime: The REAL Reason Schools Fail to expose how teacher harassment and terrorization maintains a system of deeply hidden corruption. Disposing of dedicated teachers forms the core of the White Chalk Criminal's agenda since dedication and white collar crime do not mix. Given that all agree that good teachers are essential to good teaching, a system that cannot tolerate good teachers is worthless. This is what we have in place. With Bernie Madoff-like leaders - he was as much about investing as our school leaders are about educating - anointed with unlimited power, including the ability to fill the airwaves with propaganda, education is no longer about education. It is about money and power for those who play a very corrupt game and with an agenda of privatizing schools so their power will increase. (Privatization may have merits. NAPTA does not take a position on that. But privatizing a system that is rotten to its core - where quality teaching cannot survive, where a cover up of pretense that they do not know this despite so many of us reporting these truths prevails - documents that those advocating privatization cannot be trusted! It shows they want our schools for their own interests, not the children, nor the community.)  NAPTA welcomes parents, teachers, students, citizens or anyone who understands that without a real system of education, we no longer have a democracy. Membership is free. Go to: EndTeacherAbuse.org  or WhiteChalkCrime.com. Become educated about what is going on. 

Jerry Mintz Director
Alternative Education Resource Organization (AERO)
417 Roslyn Rd., Roslyn Hts., NY  11577
For those of you who cannot wait for corrupt public education to be turned around, AERO offers an excellent source to get connected with viable alternatives right now.
www.EducationRevolution.org
info@EducationRevolution.org
800-769-4171 (domestic)
516-621-2195 (international)

Susan Ohanian Charlotte, Vermont
susano@gmavt.net
http://www.susanohanian.org
She is a longtime public school teacher who, after 20 years, became staff writer for a teacher magazine and then went freelance. I've maintained a website of activism for nearly 9 years--ever since the passage of NCLB. People can subscribe to the website and then they get updates about new content. I answer all the mail I get through the website and with the answer, people have my e-mail.  I also try to stir things up on Twitter, though I find this medium frustrating. I have a Facebook page--just so people can find me. I don't initiate anything on it, The website keeps me busy.
http://susanohanian.org/show_atrocities.php?id=9593
Susan Lee Schwartz Suffern, New York
Susan studied literacy education, English literature, and fine arts and holds a BA ('63) and MS ('65) from Brooklyn College, and has the equivalent of two master's degrees, earned in graduate studies of literacy, arts and education. She taught literacy skills and art, for four decades in NYC in elementary and secondary school.  In 1998 she won the New York State English Council (NYSEC) Educator of Excellence Award  for her successful teacher practice, studied by Harvard  and the LRDC at the University of Pittsburgh for the New Standards research. At the end of her research, her unique curriculum was selected by the LRDC to be used in their national staff development seminars for school superintendents. She was among six teachers -- from among the thousands across the nation-- observed during the research project, and her teaching practice met all the  principles of learning. In the nineties, she rose to prominence in national educational circles, while teaching at a new magnet school, East Side Middle School. The reading scores of her seventh grade students were at the top of the city, and on the first ELA, which two thirds of city students failed, her former students (then in the eight grade) were TENTH IN THE STATE.
 She writes often about what she learned about the genuine standards for learning, in an attempt to begin a national conversation about the authentic standards, so that there can be genuine reform. Her experience that ended her fine career in the NYC Public Schools has led her to write about the process that removed the top educators, silencing the voices of the classroom practitioners who would not accept anti-learning policies. Her essay here on Perdaily,  is one that describes this process. Read more as she talks about education, literacy  and learning on her site, from the perspective of the experienced teacher-practitioner of pedagogy. She is the voice of dedicated and talented classroom teachers who know why the schools are failing.
Her website is: 

Joel Shatzky: Brooklyn, New York
Joel.Shatzky@cortland.edu
Professor of English Emeritus--SUNY, College at Cortland (1968-2005)
Adjunct instructor-Kingsborough CC (CUNY) 2006--   )
Regular contributor to the Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/searchS/?q=Joel+Shatzky
Author of "The Thinking Crisis" with Ellen Hill (Authors Choice Press: New York, 2001)
Numerous articles on education in Jewish Currents.
Script-writer for three YouTube satires on educational "reform."
 "The Lessons": www.youtube.com/watch?v=D712J1V2Jsg&feature=player_embedded
"Numbers Lie": http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57BRNLviVTQ
"The Charter Starters": www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnrrw5CV3Gw
Here's Joel's latest post about the low percentage of "college ready" high school graduates. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joel-shatzky/educating-for-democracy-t_2_b_821410.html
callmescarlet.blogspot.com
facebook

HER STORY:
"I know first hand the financial, personal, emotional and physical damage that can result when school administrators, the Montana Education Association and the National Education Association put their own interests above the students, teachers and the taxpayers of the State of Montana My files contain mountains of paperwork including depositions, declarations of truth, notarized documents and exhibits resulting from an arduous legal process that finally ended when the Havre (Montana) School District settled two lawsuits - a Federal suit and one filed in State District Court. These documents also include a letter from a union representative stating, " This is nothing more than a witch hunt." Yet the union continued to allow the school administration to harass, bully and bring harm to me.
These two lawsuits resulted from a single incident that, had it been handled differently and under the light of public scrutiny, would not have snowballed into awards of more than $200,000 worth of damages. Funds that eventually came from the taxpayers' pockets. Ironically, as a taxpayer in Hill County, my family and I are helping to pay for the damages awarded to me. This covered the attorneys' fees. The settlement did not include my attorney fees, however the district, insurance and taxpayers paid the defendants attorney bills, which exceeded mine. The settlement was made on March 2, 2006."
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Dr-Jim-Taylor/125893225652
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Dr-Jim-Taylor/125893225652
http://twitter.com/search?q=DrJimTaylor

Lois Weiner Jersey City, New Jersey
Professor, Elementary and Secondary Education
New Jersey City University
2039 Kennedy Blvd.
Jersey City, New Jersey 07305
drweinerlo@gmail.com
Blog
http://newpolitics.mayfirst.org/blog/5
Democracy Now
http://www.democracynow.org/2010/9/3/educators_push_back_against_obamas_business
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Impact of urban school characteristics on teachers' classroom practice
How race, class, and gender mediate academic achievement
Teachers' work and the school as a workplace. Effects of changes in global political economy on teaching, teachers, and schools
.


FINALLY MAKING A STAND AGAINST LAUSD IN THE OAH LINK

For years the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) has been running roughshod over teachers, who they have succeeded in removing from their livelihood as professional tenured teachers as if they had no rights under collective bargaining or to due process of law. With the Miramonte Child Abuse Scandal, matter have only gotten worst as the removal of teachers without honest cause has reached a dizzying pace. Today in Courtroom #9 at the Office of Administrative Hearings at 320 W. 6th Street in Downtown Los Angeles just maybe the first step was taken by Attorney Ronald Lapekas to finally hold LAUSD responsible to the rule of law - even for teachers.

Over the last few years as public education budgets have been drastically cut, those in power at LAUSD and their masters have targeted more and more innocent teachers for removal from their jobs based on false charges, which teachers have found difficult, if not impossible to fight once they have been put on unpaid administrative leave with no help forthcoming from their do-nothing union UTLA. What motivates the District are the huge deficits that they are trying to cut by getting rid of teachers at the top of the salary scale, are about to vest in lifetime health benefits, or those who question LAUSD's long-failed education policies that have shown no signs of success or changing.

In order to remove as many costly teachers as possible, LAUSD has developed a streamlined process for removing these teachers that has not followed the well established legal requirements for dismissing a teacher nor has it given them even basic due process of law in the removal process:

1. All tenured teachers that LAUSD seeks to remove are entitled to a Skelly hearing where the teacher had a legal right to know the charges, evidence, and witnesses against them. Although LAUSD has called what they do a Skelly hearing, none of the aforementioned rights have been afforded the teacher in this pro forma proceeding where the conclusion to recommend dismissal was a foregone conclusion before this meeting ever took place.

2. Once the "Skelly" has been given, the Education Code Section 44939 and 44944 require that either the teacher be dismissed on the basis of a "verified complaint" or by allowing the teacher to defend themselves before the LAUSD Board- neither takes place. The head of LAUSD Human Resources Vivian Ekchian signs a letter telling the teacher that they are dismissed, but in no way is this letter "verified," because Ms. Ekchian is not signing this letter under penalty of perjury, which is what a verified complaint is nor does she have any actual information or belief in the validity of the charges against the teacher she is signing the dismissal letter for. Furthermore, the LAUSD Board rubber stamps the dismissal without ever giving the teacher an opportunity to defend themselves. During last month's closed LAUSD Board session, when the Board got rid of 10 teachers in 39 minutes, it is worth noting that they also had a significant amount of other business that they handled in addition to rubber stamping / "robo" signing the 10 teacher dismissals. Is this due process of law?

3. And finally, in the illegally abridged process of removing 853 teachers from their jobs last year, LAUSD administrators had no problem removing any exculpatory evidence from the case they were fabricating against the teachers that would not just resign. One administrator actually made the comment that evidence that either supported the teacher or showed that they had done nothing wrong "was not admissible, since it did not support LAUSD's case for removing the teacher- talk about a kafkaesque reality.

Attorney Lapekas argued that what LAUSD by these egregious and purposeful failures systematically engaged in over time was not only a violation of teacher's right to procedural due process, but that they were also such a serious substantive violation of due process that the OAH should dismiss all charges against the teacher in this case with prejudice to stop LAUSD from merely refiling the charges. 

Judge Erlinda Shrenger of the OAH took the case under advisement and stated that she will have a decision by this Friday, May 11th. As to whether the case will be allowed to continue or whether LAUSD will be ordered to drop all charges against the teacher is anyone's guess. Given that such a precedent would have a strong bearing on all similar cases against teachers, one can be sure that however Judge Shrenger decides either Attorney Lapekas or LAUSD's outside counsel Mr. Morris will appeal the decision by writ to a higher court.

Whatever happens, it is important that LAUSD is finally being confronted and not given unbridled discretion over the lives of hundreds of teachers. As teachers and others see that LAUSD can be held accountable, maybe some other munchkins will come out and talk about what they know.

If you or someone you know has been targeted and are in the process of being dismissed and need legal defense, get in touch:
Lenny@perdaily.com

Tuesday, May 8, 2012

How Much Should Schools Police Off-Campus Facebook Speech?

LINK

Lawyer Wendy Kaminer argues that three Griffith girls expelled for conversation on Facebook have very strong First Amendment case.

Wendy Kaminer, writing in the Atlantic, talks about the increasingly common issue of schools disciplining students for things they say off campus. Schools, universities and workplaces have been struggling to catch up and adjust to social media, and in some cases their reaction to students and employees personal pages has been draconian. At some point it was bound to come to a head and be challenged in court, and now a lawsuit has been filed against Griffith Public Schools on behalf of three girls expelled for a brief Facebook conversation that took place outside school hours, off campus and didn’t involve the use of school owned computers.
the conversation spanned numerous subjects, from the pain of cutting oneself while shaving to the girl’s friendship, before turning to a discussion of which classmates they’d like to kill if they had the chance. At all times, the conversation was purely in jest … as is evidenced by the girl’s repeated use of ‘emoticons’ … abbreviations (like lol) and consistent capitalization intended to represent sarcasm.
The school principal and the ‘expulsion examiner’ both agreed that the three girls should be expelled, despite the protests of one of the ‘victims’ who said he understood the girls had just been joking and had no wish to see them punished.
Ms Kaminer, herself a lawyer, argues that the students have a strong First Amendment case. Despite the fact that student speech rights can be seen to have been eroded since being upheld in a 1968 Supreme Court decision she notes that there is relatively recent case law that accepts that there is no ‘categorical harassment exception’ to the First Amendment and the Griffith rulebook is full of overly vague terms. Also, while schools are required to protect students from harassment this is not a mandate to ignore the First Amendment.
The former Griffith students expelled for their Facebook chatter had not, therefore, been stripped of all speech rights by virtue of their status as students, and those rights should easily prevail over any professed concerns about harassment. Their speech didn’t qualify as harassment, even under the broadened, potentially censorious standards issued by the Obama Administration. It was not “severe, pervasive, or persistent” and apparently presented no bar to any student’s access or opportunities.

What Right Do Schools Have to Discipline Students for What They Say Off Campus?

APR 30 2012, 11:10 AM ET 96
Three girls in Indiana were expelled for joking on Facebook about classmates they would like to kill. Should districts have the authority to intervene?

Griffith Middle School in Indiana aims to transform "learners today" into "leaders tomorrow." Leaders of which country, I wonder, after reading the Griffith Middle School Handbook. North Korea? The U.S. Constitution appears to have no standing in Griffith.

Idiotic rules like this are bound to be enforced idiotically.
Students who have the misfortune to attend school here have virtually no speech rights, pursuant to vague, arbitrary anti-bullying and intimidation rules that include such cryptic provisions as a ban on "innuendos," for which they may be suspended or expelled. They are subject to rules against using or possessing profanity, pornography or obscenity that include a breathtakingly vague prohibition of "other inappropriate materials" and a ban on "using or writing derogatory written materials." I suppose they could be disciplined for reading this post, which intentionally derogates Griffith School administrators.

Griffith students should perhaps learn to behave like obedient little automatons: They may be expelled for displaying "disrespect" toward staff or other students or for "disruptive behavior," including "chronic lack of supplies" and "arguing;" (so much for the spirit of free inquiry). They may be suspended for "hall misconduct," which includes "boisterous behavior" as well as failure to walk on the right.

Idiotic rules like this are bound to be enforced idiotically, but the consequences for students are not amusing. Griffith Middle School is now being sued in federal court for expelling three 8th grade girls for engaging in a girlish exchange on Facebook that included jokes about classmates they'd like to kill. Their conversation, which lasted less than two hours, was conducted after school, on their own time and on their own computers. According to the complaint in S.M v. Griffith Public Schools, filed by the Indiana ACLU, 
the conversation spanned numerous subjects, from the pain of cutting oneself while shaving to the girl's friendship, before turning to a discussion of which classmates they'd like to kill if they had the chance. At all times, the conversation was purely in jest ... as is evidenced by the girl's repeated use of 'emoticons' ... abbreviations (like lol) and consistent capitalization intended to represent sarcasm.
Nevertheless, they were charged and found guilty of bullying, intimidation, and harassment (even though their conversation was not covered by Griffith's broad definition of bullying which requires "repeated ... negative actions ... over time.") First, the girls were summarily suspended, after the mother of a classmate complained about their exchange. The school principal recommended their expulsion; they appeared before an "expulsion examiner," who agreed and ordered their expulsion, which was approved by the school superintendent.
We are not amused, I can imagine these officials intoning. They were also not persuaded by a letter from one of the students referenced in the alleged threats, explaining that he did not feel threatened, understood that the girls were joking and did not want to see them punished.

The students have a very strong First Amendment case -- if the First Amendment retains any relevance in public schools. There's no question that those of us not in actual or virtual custody of school authorities have the right to make jokes about killing each other. Student rights, however, are increasingly limited; anxiety about social media and hysteria about bullying or drug use have only been exacerbated by the post 9/11 authoritarianism that permeates our culture and our courts.

The robust, optimistic affirmation of student speech rights in Tinker v. Des Moines, the 1968 Supreme Court decision upholding the right to wear armbands to school in an anti-war protest, has given way to a darker vision of student speech rights as threats to student welfare. Trivial teenage incivilities are condemned as soul destroying bullying. Jokes about marijuana are treated as gateways to drug abuse: In Morse v. Frederick, the Court upheld the power of school officials to punish a student for holding a nonsensical "bong hits for Jesus" banner at an extra-curricular event.

Still, while student rights are limited, they're not supposed to be non-existent. School officials are not supposed to enjoy unfettered discretion to enforce vague prohibitions on "inappropriate" or "offensive" speech. There is no "categorical harassment exception" to the First Amendment, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in Saxe v. State College Area School District, a 2001 case striking down an over-broad public school harassment policy.
It's worth noting that then Circuit Court Judge Alito wrote for the majority in Saxe, although he is generally no champion of the First Amendment, as his solitary dissents in Snyder v. Phelps and U.S. v. Stevens show. But he has championed the First Amendment rights of conservative christians. InSaxe, he upheld a challenge brought by a christian family to a school policy that could have barred disapproval of homosexuality, and in Christian Legal Society v. Martinez, he dissented from a decision denying a conservative Christian student group the associational right to exclude gay students. This result-oriented appreciation of free speech rights is lamentable, but it's preferable to no appreciation at all.

Alito's opinion in Saxe includes a strong endorsement of speech rights that you don't have to be a christian to enjoy: There is "no question," he wrote "that the free speech clause protects a wide variety of speech that listeners may consider deeply offensive, including statements that impugn another's race or national origin or that denigrate religious beliefs." While schools are required by federal civil rights law to protect students from peer-to-peer harassment, as Saxe notes, this requirement is not carte blanche, much less a mandate, to ignore the First Amendment.

The former Griffith students expelled for their Facebook chatter had not, therefore, been stripped of all speech rights by virtue of their status as students, and those rights should easily prevail over any professed concerns about harassment. Their speech didn't qualify as harassment, even under the broadened, potentially censorious standards issued by the Obama Administration. It was not "severe, pervasive, or persistent" and apparently presented no bar to any student's access or opportunities.

There are other factors empowering schools to punish student speech, but none of them appear to be present in this case. The speech was not disruptive of school activities (officials have generalized power to punish substantially disruptive speech), and it did not, pursuant to any reasonable view of intimidation, constitute an actionable threat. As the complaint in S.M. v Griffith stresses, jokes exchanged between friends ("routine teenage banter") not intended or likely to terrorize anyone do not qualify as "true threats," excluded from constitutional protection.

But while the students in this case should prevail on their First Amendment claims, the Griffith Student Handbook also raises some serious due process questions. Schools do enjoy "very broad" authority to "prescribe and enforce standards of conduct," the Supreme Court has observed, but it "must be exercised consistently with constitutional safeguards," including due process protections of the right to a public education. School policies need not be nearly as clear or precise as public laws, but Griffith school rules are especially, absurdly vague, providing no notice of prohibited speech and behavior. Bans on "inappropriate material," or "derogatory writing," for example, can mean everything or nothing, depending on the subjective opinions of individual officials. This is a "we know it when we see it" speech code, and it makes arbitrary enforcement unavoidable.

The ACLU lawsuit does not include a facial challenge to Griffith's handbook; it simply seeks damages for the three expelled students, who are all pursuing their educations elsewhere. So even if they win their case, as I hope they do, Griffith students will remain under the shadow of the school's unpredictably harsh, repressive rules, which they and their parents are required to acknowledge in writing and agree to obey, accepting penalties for whatever school officials determine to be violations. Students at Griffith Middle School and other anti-libertarian public schools across the country may not be taught regard for civil liberty, but some will acquire it the hard way.